{
  "name": "HDD Timeline",
  "url": "https://eyesonflash.com/timelines/hdd/",
  "creator": "Eyes on Flash",
  "rights": "All rights reserved. Copyright Sean Webster, Eyes on Flash (https://eyesonflash.com). You may read these files and link to them; do not copy, republish or redistribute them without written permission. Each figure comes from the source named on its row.",
  "dateModified": "2026-03",
  "about": "One row per sourced value. Each row names the source it was read from; a value no source publishes has no row. The date is where the timeline places the record: its earliest source, not the date of each value.",
  "columns": [
    "record_type",
    "record_id",
    "label",
    "maker",
    "date",
    "measure",
    "value",
    "unit",
    "bound",
    "derived",
    "teardown",
    "source_id",
    "source_kind",
    "source_title",
    "source_publisher",
    "source_url",
    "source_page"
  ],
  "rows": [
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "toshiba-mk8007gah-2004-12",
      "label": "MK8007GAH, 1.8-inch",
      "maker": "Toshiba",
      "date": "2004-12",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 0.08,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "toshiba-pmr-press-2004",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Toshiba Leads Industry in Bringing Perpendicular Data Recording to HDD (14 Dec 2004)",
      "source_publisher": "Toshiba",
      "source_url": "https://www.global.toshiba/ww/news/corporate/2004/12/pr1401.html",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "seagate-barracuda-7200-10-2006-04",
      "label": "Barracuda 7200.10, 750GB",
      "maker": "Seagate",
      "date": "2006-04",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 0.75,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "seagate-750gb-press-2006",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Seagate expands Desktop Hard Drive Lead with 750GB Monster built on Perpendicular Recording Technology (26 Apr 2006)",
      "source_publisher": "Seagate",
      "source_url": "https://investors.seagate.com/news/news-details/2006/Seagate-expands-Desktop-Hard-Drive-Lead-with-750GB-Monster-built-on-Perpendicular-Recording-Technology/default.aspx",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "hitachi-deskstar-7k1000-2007-01",
      "label": "Deskstar 7K1000",
      "maker": "Hitachi",
      "date": "2007-01",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 1,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "hitachi-1tb-press-2007",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Hitachi Shatters Capacity Record with World's First Terabyte Hard Drive (5 Jan 2007)",
      "source_publisher": "Hitachi",
      "source_url": "https://www.hitachi.com/en-us/press/archive/01052007/",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "seagate-goflex-desk-3tb-2010-06",
      "label": "GoFlex Desk 3TB, external",
      "maker": "Seagate",
      "date": "2010-06",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 3,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "seagate-3tb-press-2010",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Seagate breaks Capacity Ceiling with World's First Three Terabyte External Desktop Drive (29 Jun 2010)",
      "source_publisher": "Seagate",
      "source_url": "https://investors.seagate.com/news/news-details/2010/Seagate-breaks-Capacity-Ceiling-with-Worlds-First-Three-Terabyte-External-Desktop-Drive/default.aspx",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "seagate-goflex-desk-4tb-2011-09",
      "label": "GoFlex Desk 4TB, external",
      "maker": "Seagate",
      "date": "2011-09",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 4,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "seagate-4tb-press-2011",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Seagate is the First Manufacturer to Break the Capacity Ceiling with a New 4 TB GoFlex Desk Drive (7 Sep 2011)",
      "source_publisher": "Seagate",
      "source_url": "https://investors.seagate.com/news/news-details/2011/Seagate-is-the-First-Manufacturer-to-Break-the-Capacity-Ceiling-with-a-New-4-TB-GoFlex-Desk-Drive/default.aspx",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "seagate-8tb-2014-08",
      "label": "8TB hard drive",
      "maker": "Seagate",
      "date": "2014-08",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 8,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "seagate-8tb-press-2014",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Seagate Ships World's First 8TB Hard Drives (26 Aug 2014)",
      "source_publisher": "Seagate",
      "source_url": "https://investors.seagate.com/news/news-details/2014/Seagate-Ships-Worlds-First-8TB-Hard-Drives/default.aspx",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "seagate-enterprise-capacity-10tb-2016-01",
      "label": "Enterprise Capacity 3.5 HDD 10TB",
      "maker": "Seagate",
      "date": "2016-01",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 10,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "seagate-10tb-press-2016",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Seagate Unveils 10TB Helium Enterprise Drive To Address Storage Demands Of Cloud-Based Data Centers (13 Jan 2016)",
      "source_publisher": "Seagate",
      "source_url": "https://investors.seagate.com/news/news-details/2016/Seagate-Unveils-10TB-Helium-Enterprise-Drive-To-Address-Storage-Demands-Of-Cloud-Based-Data-Centers/default.aspx",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "toshiba-mg07aca-2017-12",
      "label": "MG07ACA, 14TB",
      "maker": "Toshiba",
      "date": "2017-12",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 14,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "toshiba-14tb-press-2017",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Toshiba Launches World's First 14TB HDD with Conventional Magnetic Recording (8 Dec 2017)",
      "source_publisher": "Toshiba",
      "source_url": "https://toshiba.semicon-storage.com/eu/company/news/2017/12/storage-20171208-1.html",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "wd-ultrastar-dc-hc530-2018-04",
      "label": "Ultrastar DC HC530",
      "maker": "Western Digital",
      "date": "2018-04",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 14,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "wd-14tb-press-2018",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Western Digital Continues to Drive Capacity and Improve TCO for Cloud and Enterprise Data Centers (18 Apr 2018)",
      "source_publisher": "Western Digital",
      "source_url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/company/newsroom/press-releases/2018/western-digital-continues-to-drive-capacity-and-improve-tco-for-cloud-and-enterprise-data-centers",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "seagate-exos-x16-2019-06",
      "label": "Exos X16",
      "maker": "Seagate",
      "date": "2019-06",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 16,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "seagate-16tb-press-2019",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Seagate Delivers Industry's First Enterprise-Ready Exos 16TB Hard Drive (4 Jun 2019)",
      "source_publisher": "Seagate",
      "source_url": "https://investors.seagate.com/news/news-details/2019/Seagate-Delivers-Industrys-First-Enterprise-Ready-Exos-16TB-Hard-Drive-And-Raises-The-Bar-With-IronWolf-16TB-For-NAS/default.aspx",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "wd-ultrastar-dc-hc550-2019-09",
      "label": "Ultrastar DC HC550",
      "maker": "Western Digital",
      "date": "2019-09",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 18,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "wd-18tb-20tb-press-2019",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Western Digital Builds on Data Center Leadership to Deliver 18TB CMR and 20TB SMR HDDs (3 Sep 2019)",
      "source_publisher": "Western Digital",
      "source_url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/company/newsroom/press-releases/2019/2019-09-03-western-digital-builds-on-data-center-leadership-to-deliver-18tb-cmr-and-20tb-smr-hdds",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "wd-ultrastar-dc-hc650-2019-09",
      "label": "Ultrastar DC HC650",
      "maker": "Western Digital",
      "date": "2019-09",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 20,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "wd-18tb-20tb-press-2019",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Western Digital Builds on Data Center Leadership to Deliver 18TB CMR and 20TB SMR HDDs (3 Sep 2019)",
      "source_publisher": "Western Digital",
      "source_url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/company/newsroom/press-releases/2019/2019-09-03-western-digital-builds-on-data-center-leadership-to-deliver-18tb-cmr-and-20tb-smr-hdds",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "seagate-hamr-20tb-2020-09",
      "label": "20TB HAMR drive",
      "maker": "Seagate",
      "date": "2020-09",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 20,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "seagate-hamr-press-2020",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Seagate's New Solutions Equip Enterprises for the New Data Economy (24 Sep 2020)",
      "source_publisher": "Seagate",
      "source_url": "https://investors.seagate.com/news/news-details/2020/Seagates-New-Solutions-Equip-Enterprises-for-the-New-Data-Economy/default.aspx",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "toshiba-mg09-2021-02",
      "label": "MG09, 18TB",
      "maker": "Toshiba",
      "date": "2021-02",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 18,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "toshiba-18tb-press-2021",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Toshiba Unveils New 18TB MG09 Series Hard Disk Drives (Feb 2021)",
      "source_publisher": "Toshiba",
      "source_url": "https://www.toshiba-storage.com/about/press-center/toshiba-unveils-new-18tb-mg09-series-hard-disk-drives/",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "wd-optinand-20tb-2021-08",
      "label": "20TB drive with OptiNAND",
      "maker": "Western Digital",
      "date": "2021-08",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 20,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "wd-optinand-press-2021",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Western Digital Reimagines the Hard Drive (31 Aug 2021)",
      "source_publisher": "Western Digital",
      "source_url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/company/newsroom/press-releases/2021/2021-08-31-western-digital-reimagines-the-hard-drive",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "seagate-exos-x20-2021-12",
      "label": "Exos X20",
      "maker": "Seagate",
      "date": "2021-12",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 20,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "seagate-20tb-press-2021",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Seagate Ramps 20TB HDD Shipments Answering Mass Data Growth (2 Dec 2021)",
      "source_publisher": "Seagate",
      "source_url": "https://investors.seagate.com/news/news-details/2021/Seagate-Ramps-20TB-HDD-Shipments-Answering-Mass-Data-Growth/default.aspx",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "wd-ultrastar-dc-hc570-2022-05",
      "label": "Ultrastar DC HC570",
      "maker": "Western Digital",
      "date": "2022-05",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 22,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "wd-22tb-26tb-press-2022",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Western Digital Unleashes New Era of Growth for Cloud Market With World's First 22TB CMR and 26TB UltraSMR HDDs (9 May 2022)",
      "source_publisher": "Western Digital",
      "source_url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/company/newsroom/press-releases/2022/2022-05-09-western-digital-unleashes-new-era-of-growth-for-cloud-market",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "wd-ultrastar-dc-hc670-2022-05",
      "label": "Ultrastar DC HC670",
      "maker": "Western Digital",
      "date": "2022-05",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 26,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "wd-22tb-26tb-press-2022",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Western Digital Unleashes New Era of Growth for Cloud Market With World's First 22TB CMR and 26TB UltraSMR HDDs (9 May 2022)",
      "source_publisher": "Western Digital",
      "source_url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/company/newsroom/press-releases/2022/2022-05-09-western-digital-unleashes-new-era-of-growth-for-cloud-market",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "toshiba-mg10-2022-10",
      "label": "MG10, 20TB",
      "maker": "Toshiba",
      "date": "2022-10",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 20,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "toshiba-20tb-press-2022",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Toshiba Announces 20TB MG10 Series Hard Disk Drives (18 Oct 2022)",
      "source_publisher": "Toshiba",
      "source_url": "https://toshiba.semicon-storage.com/ap-en/company/news/news-topics/2022/10/storage-20221018-1.html",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "toshiba-mg10f-2023-09",
      "label": "MG10F, 22TB",
      "maker": "Toshiba",
      "date": "2023-09",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 22,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "toshiba-22tb-press-2023",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Toshiba Announces 22TB MG10F Series Hard Disk Drives (26 Sep 2023)",
      "source_publisher": "Toshiba",
      "source_url": "https://toshiba.semicon-storage.com/eu/company/news/2023/09/storage-20230926-1.html",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "seagate-exos-mozaic-3-2024-01",
      "label": "Exos 30TB+ on Mozaic 3+",
      "maker": "Seagate",
      "date": "2024-01",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 30,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "min",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "seagate-30tb-press-2024",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Seagate's Breakthrough 30TB+ Hard Drives Ramp Volume, Marking an Inflection Point in the Storage Industry (17 Jan 2024)",
      "source_publisher": "Seagate",
      "source_url": "https://investors.seagate.com/news/news-details/2024/Seagates-Breakthrough-30TB-Hard-Drives-Ramp-Volume-Marking-an-Inflection-Point-in-the-Storage-Industry/default.aspx",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "toshiba-mg11-2024-09",
      "label": "MG11, 24TB",
      "maker": "Toshiba",
      "date": "2024-09",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 24,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "toshiba-24tb-28tb-press-2024",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Toshiba Announces CMR 24TB and SMR 28TB Hard Disk Drives (10 Sep 2024)",
      "source_publisher": "Toshiba",
      "source_url": "https://toshiba.semicon-storage.com/us/company/news/2024/09/storage-20240910-1.html",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "toshiba-ma11-2024-09",
      "label": "MA11, 28TB",
      "maker": "Toshiba",
      "date": "2024-09",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 28,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "toshiba-24tb-28tb-press-2024",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Toshiba Announces CMR 24TB and SMR 28TB Hard Disk Drives (10 Sep 2024)",
      "source_publisher": "Toshiba",
      "source_url": "https://toshiba.semicon-storage.com/us/company/news/2024/09/storage-20240910-1.html",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "wd-ultrastar-dc-hc590-2024-10",
      "label": "Ultrastar DC HC590",
      "maker": "Western Digital",
      "date": "2024-10",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 26,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "wd-32tb-press-2024",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Western Digital Delivers World's Highest Capacity ePMR HDDs to Meet Growing Nearline Demand (15 Oct 2024)",
      "source_publisher": "Western Digital",
      "source_url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/company/newsroom/press-releases/2024/2024-10-15-western-digital-delivers-worlds-highest-capacity-epmr-hdds",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "wd-ultrastar-dc-hc690-2024-10",
      "label": "Ultrastar DC HC690",
      "maker": "Western Digital",
      "date": "2024-10",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 32,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "wd-32tb-press-2024",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Western Digital Delivers World's Highest Capacity ePMR HDDs to Meet Growing Nearline Demand (15 Oct 2024)",
      "source_publisher": "Western Digital",
      "source_url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/company/newsroom/press-releases/2024/2024-10-15-western-digital-delivers-worlds-highest-capacity-epmr-hdds",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "seagate-exos-m-2025-01",
      "label": "Exos M, 36TB samples",
      "maker": "Seagate",
      "date": "2025-01",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 36,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "seagate-36tb-press-2025",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Seagate Introduces Hard Drive Capacities of Up to 36TB, Extending Its HAMR-Based Mozaic 3+ Technology Platform (21 Jan 2025)",
      "source_publisher": "Seagate",
      "source_url": "https://investors.seagate.com/news/news-details/2025/Seagate-Introduces-Hard-Drive-Capacities-of-Up-to-36TB-Extending-Its-HAMR-Based-Mozaic-3-Technology-Platform/default.aspx",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "wd-40tb-ultrasmr-2026-02",
      "label": "40TB UltraSMR drive",
      "maker": "Western Digital",
      "date": "2026-02",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 40,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "wd-40tb-press-2026",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Western Digital Accelerates Storage Innovation for AI Era (3 Feb 2026)",
      "source_publisher": "Western Digital",
      "source_url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/company/newsroom/press-releases/2026/2026-02-03-western-digital-accelerates-storage-innovation-for-ai-era",
      "source_page": ""
    },
    {
      "record_type": "hdd_drive",
      "record_id": "seagate-mozaic-4-2026-03",
      "label": "Mozaic 4+ drives, up to 44TB",
      "maker": "Seagate",
      "date": "2026-03",
      "measure": "capacity_tb",
      "value": 44,
      "unit": "TB",
      "bound": "",
      "derived": false,
      "teardown": false,
      "source_id": "seagate-44tb-press-2026",
      "source_kind": "press",
      "source_title": "Seagate Delivers Industry's Highest Capacity Hard Drives with Next-Generation Mozaic 4+ (3 Mar 2026)",
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}